The mathematical modeling of lactate curves from graded incremental exercise tests
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51224/SRXIV.136Keywords:
lactate testing, anaerobic threshold, endurance performance, performance diagnostics, cyclingAbstract
Purpose: Measuring the blood lactate concentration allows for a glimpse at the metabolic processes during exercise. To extract characteristics of metabolism the relationship between blood lactate concentration and power or velocity is modeled. Current modeling approaches allow only limited interpretation, are in conflict with basic principles of scientific mathematical modeling, and lack a phenomenological reasoning.
Methods: We developed a simple analytical expression to model lactate concentration data from graded incremental exercise tests. We compared our new approach to a traditional one in a dataset of N = 24 exercise tests performed by elite junior triathletes.
Results: The new procedure leads to three independent fitting parameters characterizing the baseline lactate concentration, the intensity (power, velocity) at the onset as well as the rate of increase of the lactate concentration. These parameters have a clear meaning and can directly be used for diagnostics. They can be interpreted with more confidence compared to the characteristics extracted in the traditional approach.
Conclusion: The performance indicators, naturally appearing in our modeling, should supersede the single points obtained from the traditional evaluation of graded incremental exercise tests (“lactate thresholds”), which can hardly be justified based on the principles of scientific mathematical modeling.
Metrics
References
Baldari C, Guidetti L (2000) A simple method for individual anaerobic threshold as predictor of max lactate steady state. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 32(10):1798–1802. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200010000-00022
Beaver WL, Wasserman K, Whipp BJ (1985) Improved detection of lactate threshold during exercise using a log-log transformation. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 59(6):1936–1940. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1985.59.6.1936
Beaver WL, Wasserman K, Whipp BJ (1988) Blood lactate concentration in exercise. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 64(3):1290–1291. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1988.64.3.1290
Beneke R (1995) Anaerobic threshold, individual anaerobic threshold, and maximal lactate steady state in rowing. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 27(6):863–867
Bentley DJ, Newell J, Bishop D (2007) Incremental exercise test design and analysis: implications for performance diagnostics in endurance athletes. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) 37(7):575–586. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200737070-00002
Cheng B, Kuipers H, Snyder AC, Keizer HA, Jeukendrup A, Hesselink M (1992) A new approach for the determination of ventilatory and lactate thresholds. International Journal of Sports Medicine 13(7):518–522. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1021309
Davis HA, Bassett J, Hughes P, Gass GC (1983) Anaerobic threshold and lactate turnpoint. European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology 50(3):383–392. doi: 10.1007/BF00423244
Faude O, Kindermann W, Meyer T (2009) Lactate threshold concepts: how valid are they? Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) 39(6):469–490. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200939060-00003
Hauser T, Adam J, Schulz H (2014) Comparison of selected lactate threshold parameters with maximal lactate steady state in cycling. International Journal of Sports Medicine 35(6):517–521. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1353176
Heck H, Mader A, Hess G, Mücke S, Müller R, Hollmann W (1985) Justification of the 4-mmol/l lactate threshold. International Journal of Sports Medicine 6(3):117–130. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1025824
Hughson RL, Swanson GD (1988) Blood lactate concentration in exercise. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 64(3):1291
Hughson RL, Weisiger KH, Swanson GD (1987) Blood lactate concentration increases as a continuous function in progressive exercise. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 62(5):1975–1981. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1987.62.5.1975
Jones AM, Doust JH (1998) The validity of the lactate minimum test for determination of the maximal lactate steady state. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 30(8):1304–1313. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199808000-00020
Lajoie C, Laurencelle L, Trudeau F (2000) Physiological responses to cycling for 60 minutes at maximal lactate steady state. Canadian journal of applied physiology = Revue canadienne de physiologie appliquee 25(4):250–261. doi: 10.1139/h00-019
Lundberg MA, Hughson RL, Weisiger KH, Jones RH, Swanson GD (1986) Computerized estimation of lactate threshold. Computers and biomedical research, an international journal 19(5):481–486. doi: 10.1016/0010-4809(86)90042-x
Mader A, Heck H (1986) A theory of the metabolic origin of “anaerobic threshold”. International Journal of Sports Medicine 7 Suppl 1:45–65
Mader A, Heck H (1991) Möglichkeiten und Aufgaben in der Forschung und Praxis der Humanleistungsphysiologie. Spect Sportwissen 3(2):5–54
Mader A, Liesen H, Heck H, Philippi H, Rost R, Schuerch P, Hollmann W (1976) Zur Beurteilung der sportartspezifischen Ausdauerleistungsfähigkeit im Labor. Sportarzt Sportmed 27:80-88,109-112
Morton RH (1989) Detection of a lactate threshold during incremental exercise? Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 67(2):885–888. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1989.67.2.885
Morton RH, Fukuba Y, Banister EW, Walsh ML, Kenny CT, Cameron BJ (1994) Statistical evidence consistent with two lactate turnpoints during ramp exercise. European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology 69(5):445–449. doi: 10.1007/BF00865410
Newell J, McMillan K, Grant S, McCabe G (2006) Using functional data analysis to summarise and interpret lactate curves. Computers in biology and medicine 36(3):262–275. doi: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2004.11.006
Orr GW, Green HJ, Hughson RL, Bennett GW (1982) A computer linear regression model to determine ventilatory anaerobic threshold. Journal of applied physiology: respiratory, environmental and exercise physiology 52(5):1349–1352. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1982.52.5.1349
Sjödin B, Jacobs I (1981) Onset of blood lactate accumulation and marathon running performance. International Journal of Sports Medicine 2(1):23–26. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1034579
Stegmann H, Kindermann W, Schnabel A (1981) Lactate kinetics and individual anaerobic threshold. International Journal of Sports Medicine 2(3):160–165. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1034604
van Hall G (2010) Lactate kinetics in Lactate kinetics in human tissues at rest and during exercise. Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) 199(4):499–508. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2010.02122.x.
van Schuylenbergh R, Vanden Eynde B, Hespel P (2004) Correlations between lactate and ventilatory thresholds and the maximal lactate steady state in elite cyclists. International Journal of Sports Medicine 25(6):403–408. doi: 10.1055/s-2004-819942
Downloads
Posted
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Simon Nolte, Oliver Jan Quittmann, Volker Meden
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
